Which activities are central to the circular economy?

• A. Disposal and landfill
• B. Reuse, repair, and recycling
• C. Exclusive outsourcing
• D. Linear expansion

Answer: (B)

In a circular economy, the aim is to keep resources circulating by extending product life and recovering materials at the end of use. Reuse, repair, and recycling embody this approach because they close the loop: items are kept in service longer or their materials are recovered for new products, which reduces the need for virgin resources and cuts waste. Disposal and landfill represent a throw-away path that the circular model tries to move away from. Exclusive outsourcing doesn’t address how materials themselves are kept in use, and linear expansion describes growth without recapturing value from used goods. So reuse, repair, and recycling best capture how a circular economy maintains value and minimizes waste.