Which statement best describes Ex Works (EXW) in Incoterms?

• A. The seller assumes all transport and insurance until the goods reach the buyer's location.
• B. The buyer is responsible for unloading at the destination.
• C. The seller makes goods available at the seller's premises, and the buyer bears most risk and costs.
• D. The seller clears goods for export and delivers to a named place, with costs shared.

Answer: (C)

Ex Works places the basic load on the buyer right from the start. The seller’s obligation is simply to make the goods available at the seller’s premises (or another named place). From that moment, the buyer takes on almost all costs and risks: loading the goods, arranging and paying for transportation, export and import formalities, insurance, duties, and the inland journey to the final destination. The seller does not handle loading, export clearance, or transportation beyond making the goods available, unless otherwise agreed.

Think of it as the buyer arranging almost everything after the goods are made ready at the seller’s site. This is why the statement describing the seller making goods available at the seller’s premises and the buyer bearing most risk and costs best captures EXW.

Other options describe scenarios where the seller takes on more responsibility (like transport or export clearance) or where unloading at the destination is emphasized, which are not the defining arrangement of EXW.